Blue-green Algae Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

Table of Contents

1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Blue-green Algae Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Blue-green Algae Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Blue-green Algae Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Blue-green Algae Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Blue-green Algae Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Blue-green Algae Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Blue-green Algae Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Blue-green Algae Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Blue-green Algae Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Blue-green Algae Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Blue-green Algae Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Blue-green Algae Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Blue-green Algae Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Blue-green Algae Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Blue-green Algae Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Food Grade
4.1.3 Cosmetic Grade
4.1.4 Pharmaceutical Grade
4.2 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Health Products
5.1.3 Feed
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE Blue-green Algae Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 DIC Corporation
7.1.1 DIC Corporation Corporate Summary
7.1.2 DIC Corporation Business Overview
7.1.3 DIC Corporation Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 DIC Corporation Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 DIC Corporation Key News
7.2 EID Parry
7.2.1 EID Parry Corporate Summary
7.2.2 EID Parry Business Overview
7.2.3 EID Parry Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 EID Parry Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 EID Parry Key News
7.3 Cyanotech Corporation (CC)
7.3.1 Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Business Overview
7.3.3 Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Key News
7.4 NOW Foods
7.4.1 NOW Foods Corporate Summary
7.4.2 NOW Foods Business Overview
7.4.3 NOW Foods Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 NOW Foods Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 NOW Foods Key News
7.5 Naturya
7.5.1 Naturya Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Naturya Business Overview
7.5.3 Naturya Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Naturya Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Naturya Key News
7.6 Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd
7.6.1 Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Business Overview
7.6.3 Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Key News
7.7 Algene Biotech
7.7.1 Algene Biotech Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Algene Biotech Business Overview
7.7.3 Algene Biotech Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Algene Biotech Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Algene Biotech Key News
7.8 Parry Nutraceuticals
7.8.1 Parry Nutraceuticals Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Parry Nutraceuticals Business Overview
7.8.3 Parry Nutraceuticals Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Parry Nutraceuticals Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Parry Nutraceuticals Key News
7.9 Hydrolina Biotech
7.9.1 Hydrolina Biotech Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Hydrolina Biotech Business Overview
7.9.3 Hydrolina Biotech Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Hydrolina Biotech Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Hydrolina Biotech Key News
7.10 King Dnarmsa
7.10.1 King Dnarmsa Corporate Summary
7.10.2 King Dnarmsa Business Overview
7.10.3 King Dnarmsa Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 King Dnarmsa Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.10.5 King Dnarmsa Key News
7.11 CBN
7.11.1 CBN Corporate Summary
7.11.2 CBN Blue-green Algae Business Overview
7.11.3 CBN Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 CBN Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.11.5 CBN Key News
7.12 Green-A
7.12.1 Green-A Corporate Summary
7.12.2 Green-A Blue-green Algae Business Overview
7.12.3 Green-A Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Green-A Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.12.5 Green-A Key News
7.13 Spirin
7.13.1 Spirin Corporate Summary
7.13.2 Spirin Blue-green Algae Business Overview
7.13.3 Spirin Blue-green Algae Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Spirin Blue-green Algae Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.13.5 Spirin Key News
8 Global Blue-green Algae Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Blue-green Algae Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Blue-green Algae Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Blue-green Algae Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Blue-green Algae Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Blue-green Algae Industry Value Chain
10.2 Blue-green Algae Upstream Market
10.3 Blue-green Algae Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Blue-green Algae Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer


List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Blue-green Algae in Global Market
Table 2. Top Blue-green Algae Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Blue-green Algae Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Blue-green Algae Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Blue-green Algae Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Blue-green Algae Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Blue-green Algae Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Blue-green Algae Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Blue-green Algae Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Blue-green Algae Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 46. DIC Corporation Corporate Summary
Table 47. DIC Corporation Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 48. DIC Corporation Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 49. EID Parry Corporate Summary
Table 50. EID Parry Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 51. EID Parry Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Corporate Summary
Table 53. Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 54. Cyanotech Corporation (CC) Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 55. NOW Foods Corporate Summary
Table 56. NOW Foods Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 57. NOW Foods Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Naturya Corporate Summary
Table 59. Naturya Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 60. Naturya Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Corporate Summary
Table 62. Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 63. Aim Grow Biotech Co., Ltd Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Algene Biotech Corporate Summary
Table 65. Algene Biotech Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 66. Algene Biotech Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Parry Nutraceuticals Corporate Summary
Table 68. Parry Nutraceuticals Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 69. Parry Nutraceuticals Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Hydrolina Biotech Corporate Summary
Table 71. Hydrolina Biotech Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 72. Hydrolina Biotech Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 73. King Dnarmsa Corporate Summary
Table 74. King Dnarmsa Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 75. King Dnarmsa Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 76. CBN Corporate Summary
Table 77. CBN Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 78. CBN Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 79. Green-A Corporate Summary
Table 80. Green-A Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 81. Green-A Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 82. Spirin Corporate Summary
Table 83. Spirin Blue-green Algae Product Offerings
Table 84. Spirin Blue-green Algae Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 85. Blue-green Algae Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Tons)
Table 86. Global Blue-green Algae Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 87. Global Blue-green Algae Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Tons)
Table 88. Global Blue-green Algae Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Tons)
Table 89. Blue-green Algae Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 90. Blue-green Algae Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 91. Blue-green Algae Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 92. Blue-green Algae Raw Materials
Table 93. Blue-green Algae Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 94. Typical Blue-green Algae Downstream
Table 95. Blue-green Algae Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 96. Blue-green Algae Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Blue-green Algae Segment by Type
Figure 2. Blue-green Algae Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Blue-green Algae Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Blue-green Algae Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Blue-green Algae Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Blue-green Algae Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Blue-green Algae Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Blue-green Algae Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Blue-green Algae Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Blue-green Algae Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Blue-green Algae Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Blue-green Algae Production Capacity (Tons), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Blue-green Algae by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Blue-green Algae Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels