The culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for modern industrial applications, such as expression of recombinant proteins, requires media that support growth and production. Such media must support high viable cell densities while also stimulating the synthesis and extracellular transport of biologic products.
This report contains market size and forecasts of CHO Cell Media in global, including the following market information:
Global CHO Cell Media Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)
Global CHO Cell Media Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)
Global top five CHO Cell Media companies in 2021 (%)
The global CHO Cell Media market was valued at 167.8 million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ 323.5 million by 2028, at a CAGR of 9.8% during the forecast period 2022-2028.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.
Chemically Defined Media Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of CHO Cell Media include Sigma-Aldrich, OPM Biosciences, Stemcell Technologies Inc, Cytiva, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sartorius Group, Lonza and Mirus Bio LLC, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
Publisher has surveyed the CHO Cell Media manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global CHO Cell Media Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global CHO Cell Media Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)
Chemically Defined Media
Animal-free Media
Others
Global CHO Cell Media Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global CHO Cell Media Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)
CDMO
Research
Others
Global CHO Cell Media Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global CHO Cell Media Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies CHO Cell Media revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies CHO Cell Media revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)
Key companies CHO Cell Media sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)
Key companies CHO Cell Media sales share in global market, 2021 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Sigma-Aldrich
OPM Biosciences
Stemcell Technologies Inc
Cytiva
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sartorius Group
Lonza
Mirus Bio LLC
Table of Contents
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 CHO Cell Media Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global CHO Cell Media Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global CHO Cell Media Overall Market Size
2.1 Global CHO Cell Media Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global CHO Cell Media Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top CHO Cell Media Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global CHO Cell Media Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global CHO Cell Media Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global CHO Cell Media Sales by Companies
3.5 Global CHO Cell Media Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 CHO Cell Media Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers CHO Cell Media Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 CHO Cell Media Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 CHO Cell Media Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 CHO Cell Media Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Chemically Defined Media
4.1.3 Animal-free Media
4.1.4 Others
4.2 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 CDMO
5.1.3 Research
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE CHO Cell Media Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Sigma-Aldrich
7.1.1 Sigma-Aldrich Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Sigma-Aldrich Business Overview
7.1.3 Sigma-Aldrich CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Sigma-Aldrich CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 Sigma-Aldrich Key News
7.2 OPM Biosciences
7.2.1 OPM Biosciences Corporate Summary
7.2.2 OPM Biosciences Business Overview
7.2.3 OPM Biosciences CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 OPM Biosciences CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 OPM Biosciences Key News
7.3 Stemcell Technologies Inc
7.3.1 Stemcell Technologies Inc Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Stemcell Technologies Inc Business Overview
7.3.3 Stemcell Technologies Inc CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Stemcell Technologies Inc CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 Stemcell Technologies Inc Key News
7.4 Cytiva
7.4.1 Cytiva Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Cytiva Business Overview
7.4.3 Cytiva CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Cytiva CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Cytiva Key News
7.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific
7.5.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific Business Overview
7.5.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Thermo Fisher Scientific CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific Key News
7.6 Sartorius Group
7.6.1 Sartorius Group Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Sartorius Group Business Overview
7.6.3 Sartorius Group CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Sartorius Group CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 Sartorius Group Key News
7.7 Lonza
7.7.1 Lonza Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Lonza Business Overview
7.7.3 Lonza CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Lonza CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Lonza Key News
7.8 Mirus Bio LLC
7.8.1 Mirus Bio LLC Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Mirus Bio LLC Business Overview
7.8.3 Mirus Bio LLC CHO Cell Media Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Mirus Bio LLC CHO Cell Media Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Mirus Bio LLC Key News
8 Global CHO Cell Media Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global CHO Cell Media Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 CHO Cell Media Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global CHO Cell Media Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 CHO Cell Media Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 CHO Cell Media Industry Value Chain
10.2 CHO Cell Media Upstream Market
10.3 CHO Cell Media Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 CHO Cell Media Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of CHO Cell Media in Global Market
Table 2. Top CHO Cell Media Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global CHO Cell Media Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global CHO Cell Media Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global CHO Cell Media Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global CHO Cell Media Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers CHO Cell Media Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers CHO Cell Media Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 CHO Cell Media Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 CHO Cell Media Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Sigma-Aldrich Corporate Summary
Table 47. Sigma-Aldrich CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 48. Sigma-Aldrich CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. OPM Biosciences Corporate Summary
Table 50. OPM Biosciences CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 51. OPM Biosciences CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Stemcell Technologies Inc Corporate Summary
Table 53. Stemcell Technologies Inc CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 54. Stemcell Technologies Inc CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Cytiva Corporate Summary
Table 56. Cytiva CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 57. Cytiva CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporate Summary
Table 59. Thermo Fisher Scientific CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 60. Thermo Fisher Scientific CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Sartorius Group Corporate Summary
Table 62. Sartorius Group CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 63. Sartorius Group CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Lonza Corporate Summary
Table 65. Lonza CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 66. Lonza CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Mirus Bio LLC Corporate Summary
Table 68. Mirus Bio LLC CHO Cell Media Product Offerings
Table 69. Mirus Bio LLC CHO Cell Media Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. CHO Cell Media Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 71. Global CHO Cell Media Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 72. Global CHO Cell Media Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 73. Global CHO Cell Media Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 74. CHO Cell Media Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. CHO Cell Media Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. CHO Cell Media Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. CHO Cell Media Raw Materials
Table 78. CHO Cell Media Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical CHO Cell Media Downstream
Table 80. CHO Cell Media Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. CHO Cell Media Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. CHO Cell Media Segment by Type
Figure 2. CHO Cell Media Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global CHO Cell Media Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global CHO Cell Media Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global CHO Cell Media Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. CHO Cell Media Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by CHO Cell Media Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global CHO Cell Media Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global CHO Cell Media Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa CHO Cell Media Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE CHO Cell Media Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global CHO Cell Media Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production CHO Cell Media by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. CHO Cell Media Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels
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