Agricultural enzymes?are bioactive proteins, which are used instead of chemicals for food production and protection. They are also used for crop fertility and protection against various pests & diseases. These factors improve crop efficiency and enhance crop growth.
We aims to provide a complete knowledgeable report so that the readers will benefit from it. The report is properly examined and compiled by industry experts and will shed light on the key information that requires from the clients.
Case numbers are resurging in parts of the world where the COVID-19 pandemic was waning, falling in places that saw huge surges recently, and just beginning to rise in previously little-impacted parts of the globe.
Studying and analyzing the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Agriculture Enzyme industry, the report provide in-depth analysis and professtional advices on how to face the post COIVD-19 period.
Market Segment by Product Type
Type I
Type II
Market Segment by Product Application
Cereals & Grains
Oilseeds & Pulses
Fruits & Vegetables
Turf & Ornamentals
Others
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.
Novozymes
Syngenta
BASF
Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies
American Biosystems, Inc
Afrizymes
Cypher Environmental
Aum Enzymes
Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd.
Creative Enzymes
Stoller
Greenmax Agro Tech
Camson Bio Technologies
Insights and Tools:
Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation.
Product values and regional markets are estimated by market analyst, data analyst and people from related industry, based on companys' revenue and applications market respectively.
The data sources include but not limited to reports of companys,international organizations and governments, MMI market surveys,and related industry news.
Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2022 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2027
The market research includes historical and forecast data from like demand, application details, price trends, and company shares by geography, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions.
In addition, the report provides insight into main drivers,challenges,opportunities and risk of the market and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled as well with their market shares in the global market discussed.
Research Objectives
1.To study and analyze the global Agriculture Enzyme consumption (value) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2017 to 2021, and forecast to 2027.
2.To understand the structure of Agriculture Enzyme market by identifying its various subsegments.
3.Focuses on the key global Agriculture Enzyme manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
4.To analyze the Agriculture Enzyme with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
5.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
6.To project the consumption of Agriculture Enzyme submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
7.To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
8.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Table of Contents
Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Agriculture Enzyme Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Agriculture Enzyme Segment by Type
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 Cereals & Grains
2.2.2 Oilseeds & Pulses
2.2.3 Fruits & Vegetables
2.2.4 Turf & Ornamentals
2.2.5 Others
2.3 Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Comparison by Regions (2017-2027)
2.3.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Size (2017-2027)
2.3.2 North America Agriculture Enzyme Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.3 Europe Agriculture Enzyme Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.4 China Agriculture Enzyme Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.5 Japan Agriculture Enzyme Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Agriculture Enzyme Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Agriculture Enzyme Industry Impact
2.5.1 Agriculture Enzyme Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Agriculture Enzyme Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Agriculture Enzyme Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Agriculture Enzyme Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Agriculture Enzyme Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Agriculture Enzyme Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Agriculture Enzyme Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
4 Analysis of Agriculture Enzyme Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 Novozymes
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 Novozymes Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 Novozymes 165 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 Novozymes News
4.2 Syngenta
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 Syngenta Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Syngenta Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 Novozymes News
4.3 BASF
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 BASF Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 BASF Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 BASF News
4.4 Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies News
4.5 American Biosystems, Inc
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 American Biosystems, Inc Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 American Biosystems, Inc News
4.6 Afrizymes
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Afrizymes Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Afrizymes Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Afrizymes News
4.7 Cypher Environmental
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 Cypher Environmental Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 Cypher Environmental Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 Aum Enzymes
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 Aum Enzymes Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 Aum Enzymes Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 Aum Enzymes News
4.9 Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd.
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd. Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd. Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd. News
4.10 Creative Enzymes
4.10.1 Compan Detail
4.10.2 Creative Enzymes Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.10.3 Creative Enzymes Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.10.4 Main Business Overview
4.10.5 Creative Enzymes News
4.11 Stoller
4.11.1 Compan Detail
4.11.2 Stoller Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.11.3 Stoller Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.11.4 Main Business Overview
4.11.5 Stoller News
4.12 Greenmax Agro Tech
4.12.1 Compan Detail
4.12.2 Greenmax Agro Tech Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.12.3 Greenmax Agro Tech Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.12.4 Main Business Overview
4.12.5 Greenmax Agro Tech News
4.13 Camson Bio Technologies
4.13.1 Company Details
4.13.2 Camson Bio Technologies Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.13.3 Camson Bio Technologies Agriculture Enzyme Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.13.4 Main Business Overview
4.13.5 Camson Bio Technologies News
5 Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
6 Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Cereals & Grains Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.3 Oilseeds & Pulses Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.4 Fruits & Vegetables Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.5 Turf & Ornamentals Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.6 Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
7 Global Agriculture Enzyme Forecast
7.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
7.2 Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
7.2.1 North America Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Other Regions Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.4 Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis
9 Agriculture Enzyme Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Agriculture Enzyme Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture Agriculture Enzyme
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Agriculture Enzyme
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Agriculture Enzyme by Big Type in 2021
Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Size by Application
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Share by Big Application in 2021
Figure Cereals & Grains Picture
Figure Oilseeds & Pulses Picture
Figure Fruits & Vegetables Picture
Figure Turf & Ornamentals Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Comparison by Regions (M USD) (2017-2027)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Size (Million US$) (2017-2027)
Figure North America Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Agriculture Enzyme Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Agriculture Enzyme Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure Top 10 Agriculture Enzyme Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Agriculture Enzyme Market
Table Key Manufacturers Agriculture Enzyme Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table Novozymes Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Novozymes
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2017-2022
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table Syngenta Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Syngenta
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Syngenta Recent Development
Table BASF Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of BASF
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table BASF Main Business
Table BASF Recent Development
Table Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Main Business
Table Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Recent Development
Table Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Main Business
Table Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies Recent Development
Table American Biosystems, Inc Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of American Biosystems, Inc
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table American Biosystems, Inc Main Business
Table American Biosystems, Inc Recent Development
Table Afrizymes Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Afrizymes
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Afrizymes Main Business
Table Afrizymes Recent Development
Table Cypher Environmental Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Cypher Environmental
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Cypher Environmental Main Business
Table Cypher Environmental Recent Development
Table Aum Enzymes Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Aum Enzymes
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Aum Enzymes Main Business
Table Aum Enzymes Recent Development
Table Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd. Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd.
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd. Main Business
Table Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd. Recent Development
Table Creative Enzymes Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Creative Enzymes
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Creative Enzymes Main Business
Table Creative Enzymes Recent Development
Table Stoller Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Stoller
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Stoller Main Business
Table Stoller Recent Development
Table Greenmax Agro Tech Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Greenmax Agro Tech
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Greenmax Agro Tech Main Business
Table Greenmax Agro Tech Recent Development
Table Camson Bio Technologies Company Profile
Table Agriculture Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Camson Bio Technologies
Table Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Camson Bio Technologies Main Business
Table Camson Bio Technologies Recent Development
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Market Share by Regions in 2021
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021
Figure North America Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure China Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Other Regions Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales by Big Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global Cereals & Grains Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Oilseeds & Pulses Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Fruits & Vegetables Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Turf & Ornamentals Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Figure Global Agriculture Enzyme Revenue and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Share Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sales Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Sales Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Sales Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Sales Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Other Regions Sales Agriculture Enzyme Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Agriculture Enzyme Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Agriculture Enzyme
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure North America Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Agriculture Enzyme Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Agriculture Enzyme Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Agriculture Enzyme Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Agriculture Enzyme Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List
Novozymes
Syngenta
BASF
Specialty Enzymes & Biotechnologies
American Biosystems, Inc
Afrizymes
Cypher Environmental
Aum Enzymes
Enzyme India Pvt. Ltd.
Creative Enzymes
Stoller