Digital billboards?allow advertisers to change messages throughout the course of a day.?Digital billboard advertising?capabilities include social media integration, countdowns, day/weekparting, live updates, conditional content (weather, temperature),?Outdoor?Connect / RSS WiFi / Touch-Screen, and more.
The report forecast global Digital Outdoor Billboard market to grow to reach xx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR of xx% during the period of 2021-2026.
Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation. Product values and regional markets are estimated by market analyst, data analyst and people from related industry, based on companys' revenue and applications market respectively."
The report demonstrates detail coverage of Digital Outdoor Billboard industry and main market trends.
The data sources include but not limited to reports of companys,international organizations and governments, MMI market surveys,and related industry news.
The market research includes historical and forecast data from like demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Digital Outdoor Billboard by geography, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions.
In addition, the report provides insight into main drivers,challenges,opportunities and risk of the market and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled as well with their market shares in the global Digital Outdoor Billboard market discussed. Overall, this report covers the historical situation, present status and the future prospects of the global Digital Outdoor Billboard market for 2016-2026.
Moreover,the impact of COVID-19 is also concerned. Since outbreak in December 2019, the COVID-19 virus has spread to over 100 countries and caused huge losses of lives and economy, and the global manufacturing, tourism and financial markets have been hit hard,while the online market increase. Fortunately, with the development of vaccine and other effort by global governments and orgnizations, the nagetive impact of COVID-19 is excepted to subside and the global ecnomy is excepted to recover.
Studying and analyzing the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Digital Outdoor Billboard industry, the report provide in-depth analysis and professtional advices on how to face the post COIVD-19 period.
Market Segment by Product Type
Small
Medium
Large
Market Segment by Product Application
High Way
Building
Others
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.
Sony
LG Electronics
Toshiba
Panasonic
Daktronics
Electronic Displays
Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics
Barco NV
Leyard Optoelectronic
Lighthouse Technologies
Barco NV.
Report Includes:
- xx data tables (appendix tables)
- Overview of global Digital Outdoor Billboard market
- An detailed key players analysis across regions
- Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2021 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2026
- Insights into regulatory and environmental developments
- Information on the supply and demand scenario and evaluation of technological and investment opportunities in the Digital Outdoor Billboard market
- Profiles of major players in the industry, including Sony, LG Electronics, Toshiba, Panasonic, Daktronics..
Research Objectives
1.To study and analyze the global Digital Outdoor Billboard consumption (value & volume) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2016 to 2020, and forecast to 2026.
2.To understand the structure of Digital Outdoor Billboard market by identifying its various subsegments.
3.Focuses on the key global Digital Outdoor Billboard manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
4.To analyze the Digital Outdoor Billboard with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
5.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
6.To project the consumption of Digital Outdoor Billboard submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
7.To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
8.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Table of Contents
Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Research Report 2021, Forecast to 2026
1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Digital Outdoor Billboard Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Digital Outdoor Billboard Segment by Type
2.1.1 Small
2.1.2 Medium
2.1.3 Large
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 High Way
2.2.2 Building
2.2.3 Others
2.3 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Comparison by Regions (2016-2026)
2.3.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Size (2016-2026)
2.3.2 North America Digital Outdoor Billboard Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.3 Europe Digital Outdoor Billboard Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.4 China Digital Outdoor Billboard Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.5 Japan Digital Outdoor Billboard Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Digital Outdoor Billboard Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Digital Outdoor Billboard Industry Impact
2.5.1 Digital Outdoor Billboard Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Digital Outdoor Billboard Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Digital Outdoor Billboard Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Digital Outdoor Billboard Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Digital Outdoor Billboard Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Digital Outdoor Billboard Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
4 Analysis of Digital Outdoor Billboard Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 Sony
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 Sony Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 Sony 161 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 Sony News
4.2 LG Electronics
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 LG Electronics Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 LG Electronics Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 Sony News
4.3 Toshiba
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 Toshiba Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 Toshiba Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 Toshiba News
4.4 Panasonic
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 Panasonic Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 Panasonic Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 Panasonic News
4.5 Daktronics
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 Panasonic Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 Daktronics Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 Daktronics News
4.6 Electronic Displays
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Electronic Displays Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Electronic Displays Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Electronic Displays News
4.7 Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 Barco NV
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 Barco NV Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 Barco NV Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 Barco NV News
4.9 Leyard Optoelectronic
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 Leyard Optoelectronic Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 Leyard Optoelectronic Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 Leyard Optoelectronic News
4.10 Lighthouse Technologies
4.10.1 Compan Detail
4.10.2 Lighthouse Technologies Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.10.3 Lighthouse Technologies Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.10.4 Main Business Overview
4.10.5 Lighthouse Technologies News
4.11 Barco NV.
4.11.1 Compan Detail
4.11.2 Barco NV. Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.11.3 Barco NV. Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.11.4 Main Business Overview
4.11.5 Barco NV. News
5 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.1.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.1.2 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Small Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.2.1 Global Small Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.2.2 Global Small Price (2016-2021)
5.3 Medium Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.3.1 Global Medium Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.3.2 Global Medium Price (2016-2021)
5.4 Large Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.4.1 Global Large Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.4.2 Global Large Price (2016-2021)
6 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Market Share by Big Application (2016-2021)
6.2 High Way Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.3 Building Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.4 Others Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Forecast
7.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
7.2 Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
7.2.1 North America Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.2 Europe Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.3 China Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.4 Japan Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.6 Other Regions Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.3 Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.3.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.3.2 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.4 Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
7.4.1 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
7.4.2 Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis
9 Digital Outdoor Billboard Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Digital Outdoor Billboard Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture Digital Outdoor Billboard
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Digital Outdoor Billboard
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Digital Outdoor Billboard by Big Type in 2020
Figure Small Picture (2016-2021)
Figure Medium Picture (2016-2021)
Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Size by Application
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Share by Big Application in 2020
Figure High Way Picture
Figure Building Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Comparison by Regions (M USD) ?2016-2026?
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Size (Million US$) (2016-2026)
Figure North America Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Europe Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure China Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Japan Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Southeast Asia Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Digital Outdoor Billboard Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Digital Outdoor Billboard Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020
Figure Top 10 Digital Outdoor Billboard Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Digital Outdoor Billboard Market
Table Key Manufacturers Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table Sony Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Sony
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2016-2021
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table LG Electronics Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of LG Electronics
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table LG Electronics Recent Development
Table Toshiba Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Toshiba
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Toshiba Main Business
Table Toshiba Recent Development
Table Panasonic Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Panasonic
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Panasonic Main Business
Table Panasonic Recent Development
Table Panasonic Main Business
Table Panasonic Recent Development
Table Daktronics Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Daktronics
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Daktronics Main Business
Table Daktronics Recent Development
Table Electronic Displays Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Electronic Displays
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Electronic Displays Main Business
Table Electronic Displays Recent Development
Table Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics Main Business
Table Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics Recent Development
Table Barco NV Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Barco NV
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Barco NV Main Business
Table Barco NV Recent Development
Table Leyard Optoelectronic Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Leyard Optoelectronic
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Leyard Optoelectronic Main Business
Table Leyard Optoelectronic Recent Development
Table Lighthouse Technologies Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Lighthouse Technologies
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Lighthouse Technologies Main Business
Table Lighthouse Technologies Recent Development
Table Barco NV. Company Profile
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Barco NV.
Table Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Barco NV. Main Business
Table Barco NV. Recent Development
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure North America Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure China Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Japan Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Other Regions Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Figure Global Small Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Small Price (2016-2021)
Figure Global Medium Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Medium Price (2016-2021)
Figure Global Large Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales by Big Application (2016-2021)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Market Share by Big Application (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global High Way Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Building Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
Figure Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Share Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Figure North America Sales Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Europe Sales Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure China Sales Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Japan Sales Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Other Regions Sales Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table Global Digital Outdoor Billboard Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Digital Outdoor Billboard
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure North America Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Digital Outdoor Billboard Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Digital Outdoor Billboard Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Digital Outdoor Billboard Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Digital Outdoor Billboard Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List
Sony
LG Electronics
Toshiba
Panasonic
Daktronics
Electronic Displays
Shenzhen Dicolor Optoelectronics
Barco NV
Leyard Optoelectronic