In the past few years, the Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape market experienced a huge change under the influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War, the global market size of Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape reached XXX million $ in 2022 from XXX in 2017 with a CAGR of 15 from 2017-2022. Facing the complicated international situation, the future of the Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape market is full of uncertain. Publisher predicts that the global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape market size will reach XXX million $in 2028 with a CAGR of xx% from 2022-2028.
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the world economy continues to suffer from a series of destabilizing shocks, many companies experienced bankruptcy and a sharp decline in turnover. After more than two years of pandemic, global economy began to recover, entering 2022, the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine and its global effects on commodity markets, supply chains, inflation, and financial conditions have steepened the slowdown in global growth. In particular, the war in Ukraine is leading to soaring prices and volatility in energy markets, with improvements in activity in energy exporters more than offset by headwinds to activity in most other economies. The invasion of Ukraine has also led to a significant increase in agricultural commodity prices, which is exacerbating food insecurity and extreme poverty in many emerging market and developing economies.
Numerous risks could further derail what is now a precarious recovery. Among them is, in particular, the possibility of stubbornly high global inflation accompanied by tepid growth, reminiscent of the stagflation of the 1970s. This could eventually result in a sharp tightening of monetary policy in advanced economies to rein in inflation, lead to surging borrowing costs, and possibly culminate in financial stress in some emerging market and developing economies. A forceful and wide-ranging policy response is required by policy makers in these economies and the global community to boost growth, bolster macroeconomic frameworks, reduce financial vulnerabilities, provide support to vulnerable population groups, and attenuate the long-term impacts of the global shocks of recent years.
In this complex international situation, Publisher published Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Status, Trends and COVID-19 Impact Report 2022, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape market , This Report covers the manufacturer data, including: sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows the regional development status, including market size, volume and value, as well as price data. Besides, the report also covers segment data, including: type segment, application segment, channel segment etc. historic data period is from 2017-2022, the forecast data from 2023-2028.
Market Overview
Manufacturer Detail
3M Company
Nitto Denko Corporation
Avery Dennison Corporation
Nichiban Co., Ltd.
Scapa Group PLC
Lintec Corporation
Intertape Polymer Group, Inc.
Lohmann GmbH & Co. Kg
Tesa SE
Shurtape Technologies, LLC
Mactac, LLC
Adchem Corporation
Dermamed Coatings Company, LLC
Cct Tapes
Adhesives Research, Inc.
Advance Tapes International
Ajit Industries
Wuhan Huaxia Nanfeng Adhesive Tapes
American Biltrite Inc.
Canadian Technical Tape Ltd.
Berry Plastics Corporation
Dewal Industries Inc.
Industrias Tuk, S.A. De C.V.
Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics
Region Segment
North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Other)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Korea, Southeast Asia)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Russia, Italy)
Middle East and Africa (Middle East, South Africa, Egypt)
Product Type Segment
Acrylic
Silicone
Rubber
Application Segment
Packaging
Electrical & Electronics
Medical & Hygiene
Construction
Transportation/Consumer & Office
Channel Segment (Direct Sales, Distribution Channel)
Market Forecast (2023-2028)
Downstream Customers
Raw Material and Manufacturing Cost
Conclusion
Research Method and Data Source
Table of Contents
Section 1 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Overview
1.1 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Scope
1.2 COVID-19 Impact on Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market
1.3 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Status and Forecast Overview
1.3.1 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Status 2017-2022
1.3.2 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Forecast 2023-2028
1.4 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Overview by Region
1.5 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Overview by Type
1.6 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Overview by Application
Section 2 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Manufacturer Share
2.1 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume
2.2 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Revenue
2.3 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Price
Section 3 Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Introduction
3.1 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Introduction
3.1.1 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and Gross margin 2017-2022
3.1.2 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Distribution by Region
3.1.3 3M Company Interview Record
3.1.4 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Profile
3.1.5 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Specification
3.2 Nitto Denko Corporation Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Introduction
3.2.1 Nitto Denko Corporation Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and Gross margin 2017-2022
3.2.2 Nitto Denko Corporation Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Distribution by Region
3.2.3 Interview Record
3.2.4 Nitto Denko Corporation Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Overview
3.2.5 Nitto Denko Corporation Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Specification
3.3 Manufacturer three Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Introduction
3.3.1 Manufacturer three Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and Gross margin 2017-2022
3.3.2 Manufacturer three Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Distribution by Region
3.3.3 Interview Record
3.3.4 Manufacturer three Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Overview
3.3.5 Manufacturer three Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Specification
3.4 Manufacturer four Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Introduction
3.4.1 Manufacturer four Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and Gross margin 2017-2022
3.4.2 Manufacturer four Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Distribution by Region
3.4.3 Interview Record
3.4.4 Manufacturer four Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Overview
3.4.5 Manufacturer four Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Specification
3.5
3.6
Section 4 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Region)
4.1 North America Country
4.1.1 United States Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.1.2 Canada Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.1.3 Mexico Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.2 South America Country
4.2.1 Brazil Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.2.2 Argentina Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.3 Asia Pacific
4.3.1 China Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.3.2 Japan Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.3.3 India Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.3.4 Korea Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.3.5 Southeast Asia Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.4 Europe Country
4.4.1 Germany Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.4.2 UK Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.4.3 France Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.4.4 Spain Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.4.5 Russia Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.4.6 Italy Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.5 Middle East and Africa
4.5.1 Middle East Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.5.2 South Africa Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.5.3 Egypt Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size and Price Analysis 2017-2022
4.6 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Region) Analysis 2017-2022
4.7 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Country) Analysis 2017-2022
4.8 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Region) Analysis
Section 5 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (by Product Type)
5.1 Product Introduction by Type
5.1.1 Acrylic Product Introduction
5.1.2 Silicone Product Introduction
5.1.3 Rubber Product Introduction
5.2 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (by Type) 2017-2022
5.3 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size (by Type) 2017-2022
5.4 Different Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Type Price 2017-2022
5.5 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Type) Analysis
Section 6 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (by Application)
6.1 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (by Application) 2017-2022
6.2 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size (by Application) 2017-2022
6.3 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Price in Different Application Field 2017-2022
6.4 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Application) Analysis
Section 7 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (by Channel)
7.1 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Channel) Sales Volume and Share 2017-2022
7.2 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Channel) Analysis
Section 8 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Forecast 2023-2028
8.1 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Forecast 2023-2028 (By Region)
8.2 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Forecast 2023-2028 (By Type)
8.3 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Forecast 2023-2028 (By Application)
8.4 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Forecast 2023-2028 (By Channel)
8.5 Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Price (USD/Unit) Forecast
Section 9 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Application and Customer Analysis
9.1 Packaging Customers
9.2 Electrical & Electronics Customers
9.3 Medical & Hygiene Customers
9.4 Construction Customers
9.5 Transportation/Consumer & Office Customers
Section 10 Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Manufacturing Cost of Analysis
10.1 Raw Material Cost Analysis
10.2 Labor Cost Analysis
10.3 Cost Overview
Section 11 Conclusion
12 Research Method and Data Source
Chart and Figure
Figure Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Picture
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size (with or without the impact of COVID-19)
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Growth Rate 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Growth Rate 2023-2028
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size (Million $) and Growth Rate 2023-2028
Table Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Overview by Region
Table Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Overview by Type
Table Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Overview by Application
Chart 2017-2022 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units)
Chart 2017-2022 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume Share
Chart 2017-2022 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Revenue (Million USD)
Chart 2017-2022 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Revenue Share
Chart 2017-2022 Global Manufacturer Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Price (USD/Unit)
Chart 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume, Price, Revenue and Gross margin 2017-2022
Chart 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Distribution
Chart 3M Company Interview Record (Partly)
Chart 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Business Profile
Table 3M Company Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Specification
Chart United States Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart United States Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Canada Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Canada Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Mexico Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Mexico Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Brazil Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Brazil Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Argentina Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Argentina Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart China Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart China Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Japan Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Japan Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart India Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart India Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Korea Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Korea Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Southeast Asia Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Southeast Asia Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Germany Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Germany Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart UK Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart UK Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart France Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart France Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Spain Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Spain Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Russia Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Russia Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Italy Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Italy Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Middle East Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Middle East Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart South Africa Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart South Africa Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Egypt Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) and Market Size (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Egypt Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Sales Volume (Units) by Region 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Sales Volume (Units) Share by Region 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Market size (Million $) by Region 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Market size (Million $) Share by Region 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Sales Volume (Units) by Country 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Sales Volume (Units) Share by Country 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Market size (Million $) by Country 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment Market size (Million $) Share by Country 2017-2022
Chart Acrylic Product Figure
Chart Acrylic Product Description
Chart Silicone Product Figure
Chart Silicone Product Description
Chart Rubber Product Figure
Chart Rubber Product Description
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume by Type (Units) 2017-2022
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) Share by Type
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size by Type (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size (Million $) Share by Type
Chart Different Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Product Type Price (USD/Unit) 2017-2022
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume by Application (Units) 2017-2022
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Sales Volume (Units) Share by Application
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size by Application (Million $) 2017-2022
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Size (Million $) Share by Application
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Price in Different Application Field 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Channel) Sales Volume (Units) 2017-2022
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Channel) Share 2017-2022
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Sales Volume (Units) Forecast (by Region) 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Sales Volume Forecast (By Region) Share 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Size (Million USD) Forecast (By Region) 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Segment Market Size Forecast (By Region) Share 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Type) Volume (Units) 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Type) Volume (Units) Share 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Type) Market Size (Million $) 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Type) Market Size (Million $) 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Application) Market Size (Volume) 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Application) Market Size (Volume) Share 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Application) Market Size (Value) 2023-2028
Chart Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Application) Market Size (Value) Share 2023-2028
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Channel) Sales Volume (Units) 2023-2028
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Market Segment (By Channel) Share 2023-2028
Chart Global Energy-saving Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Price Forecast 2023-2028
Chart Packaging Customers
Chart Electrical & Electronics Customers
Chart Medical & Hygiene Customers
Chart Construction Customers
Chart Transportation/Consumer & Office Customers