Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Research Report 2021 Forecast to 2026

Table of Contents

Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Research Report 2021, Forecast to 2026

1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Food and Salad Dressings Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Food and Salad Dressings Segment by Type
2.1.1 Mayonnaise Dressings
2.1.2 Cream and Cream-Style Dressings
2.1.3 Vinaigrette Dressings
2.1.4 Tomato-Based Dressings
2.1.5 Other
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 Daily Use
2.2.2 Food Industry
2.3 Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Comparison by Regions (2016-2026)
2.3.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Size (2016-2026)
2.3.2 North America Food and Salad Dressings Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.3 Europe Food and Salad Dressings Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.4 China Food and Salad Dressings Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.5 Japan Food and Salad Dressings Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Food and Salad Dressings Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Food and Salad Dressings Industry Impact
2.5.1 Food and Salad Dressings Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Food and Salad Dressings Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19

3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Food and Salad Dressings Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Food and Salad Dressings Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Food and Salad Dressings Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Food and Salad Dressings Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Food and Salad Dressings Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning

4 Analysis of Food and Salad Dressings Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 Unilever
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 Unilever Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 Unilever 166 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 Unilever News
4.2 Kraft
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 Kraft Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Kraft Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 Unilever News
4.3 Kewpie
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 Kewpie Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 Kewpie Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 Kewpie News
4.4 McCormick
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 McCormick Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 McCormick Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 McCormick News
4.5 Dr. Oetker
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 McCormick Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 Dr. Oetker Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 Dr. Oetker News
4.6 Nestle
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Nestle Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Nestle Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Nestle News
4.7 Essen
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 Essen Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 Essen Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 Efko
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 Efko Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 Efko Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 Efko News
4.9 Ajinomoto
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 Ajinomoto Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 Ajinomoto Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 Ajinomoto News
4.10 NMZhK
4.10.1 Compan Detail
4.10.2 NMZhK Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.10.3 NMZhK Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.10.4 Main Business Overview
4.10.5 NMZhK News
4.11 Solpro
4.11.1 Compan Detail
4.11.2 Solpro Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.11.3 Solpro Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.11.4 Main Business Overview
4.11.5 Solpro News
4.12 Kenko Mayonnaise
4.12.1 Compan Detail
4.12.2 Kenko Mayonnaise Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.12.3 Kenko Mayonnaise Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.12.4 Main Business Overview
4.12.5 Kenko Mayonnaise News
4.13 Clorox
4.13.1 Company Details
4.13.2 Clorox Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.13.3 Clorox Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.13.4 Main Business Overview
4.13.5 Clorox News
4.14 Ken's Foods
4.14.1 Compan Detail
4.14.2 Ken's Foods Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.14.3 Ken's Foods Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.14.4 Main Business Overview
4.14.5 Ken's Foods News
4.15 Sabormex
4.15.1 Compan Detail
4.15.2 Sabormex Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.15.3 Sabormex Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.15.4 Main Business Overview
4.15.5 Sabormex News
4.16 Kuhne
4.16.1 Compan Detail
4.16.2 Kuhne Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.16.3 Kuhne Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.16.4 Main Business Overview
4.16.5 Kuhne News
4.17 Ybarra
4.17.1 Compan Detail
4.17.2 Ybarra Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.17.3 Ybarra Food and Salad Dressings Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.17.4 Main Business Overview
4.17.5 Ybarra News
4.18.1 Compan Detail

5 Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.1.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.1.2 Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Mayonnaise Dressings Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.2.1 Global Mayonnaise Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.2.2 Global Mayonnaise Dressings Price (2016-2021)
5.3 Cream and Cream-Style Dressings Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.3.1 Global Cream and Cream-Style Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.3.2 Global Cream and Cream-Style Dressings Price (2016-2021)
5.4 Vinaigrette Dressings Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.4.1 Global Vinaigrette Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.4.2 Global Vinaigrette Dressings Price (2016-2021)
5.5 Tomato-Based Dressings Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.5.1 Global Tomato-Based Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.5.2 Global Tomato-Based Dressings Price (2016-2021)
5.6 Other Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.6.1 Global Other Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.6.2 Global Other Price (2016-2021)

6 Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Market Share by Big Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Daily Use Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.3 Food Industry Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)

7 Global Food and Salad Dressings Forecast
7.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
7.2 Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
7.2.1 North America Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.2 Europe Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.3 China Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.4 Japan Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.6 Other Regions Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.3 Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.3.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.3.2 Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.4 Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
7.4.1 Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
7.4.2 Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)

8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis

9 Food and Salad Dressings Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Food and Salad Dressings Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers

10 Research Findings and Conclusion


List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture Food and Salad Dressings
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Food and Salad Dressings
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Food and Salad Dressings by Big Type in 2020
Figure Mayonnaise Dressings Picture (2016-2021)
Figure Cream and Cream-Style Dressings Picture (2016-2021)
Figure Vinaigrette Dressings Picture (2016-2021)
Figure Tomato-Based Dressings Picture (2016-2021)
Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Size by Application
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Share by Big Application in 2020
Figure Daily Use Picture
Figure Food Industry Picture
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Comparison by Regions (M USD) ?2016-2026?
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Size (Million US$) (2016-2026)
Figure North America Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Europe Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure China Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Japan Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Southeast Asia Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Food and Salad Dressings Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Food and Salad Dressings Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020
Figure Top 10 Food and Salad Dressings Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Food and Salad Dressings Market
Table Key Manufacturers Food and Salad Dressings Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table Unilever Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Unilever
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2016-2021
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table Kraft Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Kraft
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Kraft Recent Development
Table Kewpie Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Kewpie
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Kewpie Main Business
Table Kewpie Recent Development
Table McCormick Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of McCormick
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table McCormick Main Business
Table McCormick Recent Development
Table McCormick Main Business
Table McCormick Recent Development
Table Dr. Oetker Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Dr. Oetker
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Dr. Oetker Main Business
Table Dr. Oetker Recent Development
Table Nestle Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Nestle
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Nestle Main Business
Table Nestle Recent Development
Table Essen Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Essen
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Essen Main Business
Table Essen Recent Development
Table Efko Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Efko
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Efko Main Business
Table Efko Recent Development
Table Ajinomoto Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Ajinomoto
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Ajinomoto Main Business
Table Ajinomoto Recent Development
Table NMZhK Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of NMZhK
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table NMZhK Main Business
Table NMZhK Recent Development
Table Solpro Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Solpro
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Solpro Main Business
Table Solpro Recent Development
Table Kenko Mayonnaise Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Kenko Mayonnaise
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Kenko Mayonnaise Main Business
Table Kenko Mayonnaise Recent Development
Table Clorox Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Clorox
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Clorox Main Business
Table Clorox Recent Development
Table Ken's Foods Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Ken's Foods
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Ken's Foods Main Business
Table Ken's Foods Recent Development
Table Kuhne Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Kuhne
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Kuhne Main Business
Table Kuhne Recent Development
Table Ybarra Company Profile
Table Food and Salad Dressings Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Ybarra
Table Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Ybarra Main Business
Table Ybarra Recent Development
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure North America Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure China Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Japan Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Other Regions Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Figure Global Mayonnaise Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Mayonnaise Dressings Price (2016-2021)
Figure Global Cream and Cream-Style Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Cream and Cream-Style Dressings Price (2016-2021)
Figure Global Vinaigrette Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Vinaigrette Dressings Price (2016-2021)
Figure Global Tomato-Based Dressings Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Tomato-Based Dressings Price (2016-2021)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales by Big Application (2016-2021)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Market Share by Big Application (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global Daily Use Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food Industry Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
Figure Global Food and Salad Dressings Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Share Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Figure North America Sales Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Europe Sales Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure China Sales Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Japan Sales Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Other Regions Sales Food and Salad Dressings Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table Global Food and Salad Dressings Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Food and Salad Dressings
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure North America Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Food and Salad Dressings Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Food and Salad Dressings Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Food and Salad Dressings Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Food and Salad Dressings Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List

Unilever
Kraft
Kewpie
McCormick
Dr. Oetker
Nestle
Essen
Efko
Ajinomoto
NMZhK
Solpro
Kenko Mayonnaise
Clorox
Ken's Foods
Sabormex