We aims to provide a complete knowledgeable report so that the readers will benefit from it. The report is properly examined and compiled by industry experts and will shed light on the key information that requires from the clients.
Case numbers are resurging in parts of the world where the COVID-19 pandemic was waning, falling in places that saw huge surges recently, and just beginning to rise in previously little-impacted parts of the globe.
Studying and analyzing the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit industry, the report provide in-depth analysis and professtional advices on how to face the post COIVD-19 period.
Market Segment by Product Type
Serum Test
Feces Test
Market Segment by Product Application
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcer
Others
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.
AccuBioTech
Alfa Scientific Designs
Association of Medicine and Analytics
Awareness Technology
BIOMERICA
Coris BioConcept
EKF Diagnostics
LifeSign PBM
MedMira
Insights and Tools:
Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation.
Product values and regional markets are estimated by market analyst, data analyst and people from related industry, based on companys' revenue and applications market respectively.
The data sources include but not limited to reports of companys,international organizations and governments, MMI market surveys,and related industry news.
Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2021 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2026
The market research includes historical and forecast data from like demand, application details, price trends, and company shares by geography, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions.
In addition, the report provides insight into main drivers,challenges,opportunities and risk of the market and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled as well with their market shares in the global market discussed.
Research Objectives
1.To study and analyze the global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit consumption (value) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2016 to 2020, and forecast to 2026.
2.To understand the structure of Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit market by identifying its various subsegments.
3.Focuses on the key global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
4.To analyze the Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
5.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
6.To project the consumption of Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
7.To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
8.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Table of Contents
Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Research Report 2021, Forecast to 2026
1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Segment by Type
2.1.1 Serum Test
2.1.2 Feces Test
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 Gastritis
2.2.2 Peptic Ulcer
2.2.3 Others
2.3 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Comparison by Regions (2016-2026)
2.3.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Size (2016-2026)
2.3.2 North America Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.3 Europe Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.4 China Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.5 Japan Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Status and Prospect (2016-2026)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Industry Impact
2.5.1 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
4 Analysis of Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 AccuBioTech
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 AccuBioTech Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 AccuBioTech 134 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 AccuBioTech News
4.2 Alfa Scientific Designs
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 Alfa Scientific Designs Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Alfa Scientific Designs Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 AccuBioTech News
4.3 Association of Medicine and Analytics
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 Association of Medicine and Analytics Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 Association of Medicine and Analytics Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 Association of Medicine and Analytics News
4.4 Awareness Technology
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 Awareness Technology Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 Awareness Technology Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 Awareness Technology News
4.5 BIOMERICA
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 Awareness Technology Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 BIOMERICA Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 BIOMERICA News
4.6 Coris BioConcept
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Coris BioConcept Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Coris BioConcept Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Coris BioConcept News
4.7 EKF Diagnostics
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 EKF Diagnostics Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 EKF Diagnostics Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 LifeSign PBM
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 LifeSign PBM Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 LifeSign PBM Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 LifeSign PBM News
4.9 MedMira
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 MedMira Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 MedMira Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2016-2021)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 MedMira News
5 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.1.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.1.2 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Serum Test Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.2.1 Global Serum Test Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.2.2 Global Serum Test Price (2016-2021)
5.3 Feces Test Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.3.1 Global Feces Test Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
5.3.2 Global Feces Test Price (2016-2021)
6 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Market Share by Big Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Gastritis Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.3 Peptic Ulcer Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
6.4 Others Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
7 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Forecast
7.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
7.2 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
7.2.1 North America Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.2 Europe Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.3 China Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.4 Japan Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.2.6 Other Regions Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
7.3 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.3.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.3.2 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
7.4 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
7.4.1 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
7.4.2 Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis
9 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit by Big Type in 2020
Figure Serum Test Picture (2016-2021)
Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Size by Application
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Share by Big Application in 2020
Figure Gastritis Picture
Figure Peptic Ulcer Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Comparison by Regions (M USD) (2016-2026)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Size (Million US$) (2016-2026)
Figure North America Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Europe Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure China Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Japan Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure Southeast Asia Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020
Figure Top 10 Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market
Table Key Manufacturers Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table AccuBioTech Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of AccuBioTech
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2016-2021
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table Alfa Scientific Designs Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Alfa Scientific Designs
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Alfa Scientific Designs Recent Development
Table Association of Medicine and Analytics Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Association of Medicine and Analytics
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Association of Medicine and Analytics Main Business
Table Association of Medicine and Analytics Recent Development
Table Awareness Technology Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Awareness Technology
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Awareness Technology Main Business
Table Awareness Technology Recent Development
Table Awareness Technology Main Business
Table Awareness Technology Recent Development
Table BIOMERICA Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of BIOMERICA
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table BIOMERICA Main Business
Table BIOMERICA Recent Development
Table Coris BioConcept Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Coris BioConcept
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table Coris BioConcept Main Business
Table Coris BioConcept Recent Development
Table EKF Diagnostics Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of EKF Diagnostics
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table EKF Diagnostics Main Business
Table EKF Diagnostics Recent Development
Table LifeSign PBM Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of LifeSign PBM
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table LifeSign PBM Main Business
Table LifeSign PBM Recent Development
Table MedMira Company Profile
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Product Introduction, Application and Specification of MedMira
Table Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2016-2021
Table MedMira Main Business
Table MedMira Recent Development
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure North America Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure China Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Japan Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Other Regions Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Figure Global Serum Test Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Serum Test Price (2016-2021)
Figure Global Feces Test Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales by Big Application (2016-2021)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Market Share by Big Application (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global Gastritis Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Peptic Ulcer Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
Figure Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue and Growth Rate (2021-2026)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Share Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Figure North America Sales Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Europe Sales Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure China Sales Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Japan Sales Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure Other Regions Sales Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Forecast (2021-2026)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table Global Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure North America Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Japan Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure China Helicobacter Pylori Rapid Test Kit Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List
AccuBioTech
Alfa Scientific Designs
Association of Medicine and Analytics
Awareness Technology
BIOMERICA
Coris BioConcept
EKF Diagnostics