Margarine is?a processed food that?is?designed to taste and look similar to butter.?It is?often recommended as a heart-healthy replacement. Modern types of?margarine?are made from vegetable oils,?which?contain polyunsaturated fats that can lower the "bad" LDL cholesterol when used instead of saturated fat.
We aims to provide a complete knowledgeable report so that the readers will benefit from it. The report is properly examined and compiled by industry experts and will shed light on the key information that requires from the clients.
Case numbers are resurging in parts of the world where the COVID-19 pandemic was waning, falling in places that saw huge surges recently, and just beginning to rise in previously little-impacted parts of the globe.
Studying and analyzing the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Margarine industry, the report provide in-depth analysis and professtional advices on how to face the post COIVD-19 period.
Market Segment by Product Type
Special Type
Universal Type
Market Segment by Product Application
Food Industry
Household
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.
Unilever
Bunge
NMGK Group
ConAgra
Zydus Cadila
Wilmar-International
Fuji Oil
BRF
Yildiz Holding
Grupo Lala
NamChow
Sunnyfoods
Cargill
COFCO
Uni-President
Mengniu Group
Yili Group
Brightdairy
Dairy Crest
Insights and Tools:
Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation.
Product values and regional markets are estimated by market analyst, data analyst and people from related industry, based on companys' revenue and applications market respectively.
The data sources include but not limited to reports of companys,international organizations and governments, MMI market surveys,and related industry news.
Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2022 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2027
The market research includes historical and forecast data from like demand, application details, price trends, and company shares by geography, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions.
In addition, the report provides insight into main drivers,challenges,opportunities and risk of the market and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled as well with their market shares in the global market discussed.
Research Objectives
1.To study and analyze the global Margarine consumption (value) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2017 to 2021, and forecast to 2027.
2.To understand the structure of Margarine market by identifying its various subsegments.
3.Focuses on the key global Margarine manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
4.To analyze the Margarine with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
5.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
6.To project the consumption of Margarine submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
7.To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
8.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Table of Contents
Global Margarine Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Margarine Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Margarine Segment by Type
2.1.1 Special Type
2.1.2 Universal Type
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 Food Industry
2.2.2 Household
2.3 Global Margarine Market Comparison by Regions (2017-2027)
2.3.1 Global Margarine Market Size (2017-2027)
2.3.2 North America Margarine Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.3 Europe Margarine Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.4 China Margarine Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.5 Japan Margarine Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Margarine Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Margarine Industry Impact
2.5.1 Margarine Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Margarine Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Margarine Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Margarine Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Margarine Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Margarine Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Margarine Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Margarine Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Margarine Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
4 Analysis of Margarine Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 Unilever
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 Unilever Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 Unilever 161 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 Unilever News
4.2 Bunge
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 Bunge Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Bunge Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 Unilever News
4.3 NMGK Group
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 NMGK Group Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 NMGK Group Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 NMGK Group News
4.4 ConAgra
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 ConAgra Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 ConAgra Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 ConAgra News
4.5 Zydus Cadila
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 ConAgra Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 Zydus Cadila Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 Zydus Cadila News
4.6 Wilmar-International
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Wilmar-International Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Wilmar-International Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Wilmar-International News
4.7 Fuji Oil
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 Fuji Oil Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 Fuji Oil Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 BRF
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 BRF Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 BRF Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 BRF News
4.9 Yildiz Holding
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 Yildiz Holding Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 Yildiz Holding Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 Yildiz Holding News
4.10 Grupo Lala
4.10.1 Compan Detail
4.10.2 Grupo Lala Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.10.3 Grupo Lala Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.10.4 Main Business Overview
4.10.5 Grupo Lala News
4.11 NamChow
4.11.1 Compan Detail
4.11.2 NamChow Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.11.3 NamChow Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.11.4 Main Business Overview
4.11.5 NamChow News
4.12 Sunnyfoods
4.12.1 Compan Detail
4.12.2 Sunnyfoods Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.12.3 Sunnyfoods Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.12.4 Main Business Overview
4.12.5 Sunnyfoods News
4.13 Cargill
4.13.1 Company Details
4.13.2 Cargill Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.13.3 Cargill Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.13.4 Main Business Overview
4.13.5 Cargill News
4.14 COFCO
4.14.1 Compan Detail
4.14.2 COFCO Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.14.3 COFCO Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.14.4 Main Business Overview
4.14.5 COFCO News
4.15 Uni-President
4.15.1 Compan Detail
4.15.2 Uni-President Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.15.3 Uni-President Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.15.4 Main Business Overview
4.15.5 Uni-President News
4.16 Mengniu Group
4.16.1 Compan Detail
4.16.2 Mengniu Group Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.16.3 Mengniu Group Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.16.4 Main Business Overview
4.16.5 Mengniu Group News
4.17 Yili Group
4.17.1 Compan Detail
4.17.2 Yili Group Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.17.3 Yili Group Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.17.4 Main Business Overview
4.17.5 Yili Group News
4.18 Brightdairy
4.18.1 Compan Detail
4.18.2 Brightdairy Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.18.3 Brightdairy Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.18.4 Main Business Overview
4.18.5 Brightdairy News
4.19 Dairy Crest
4.19.1 Compan Detail
4.19.2 Dairy Crest Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.19.3 Dairy Crest Margarine Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.19.4 Main Business Overview
4.19.5 Dairy Crest News
5 Global Margarine Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Margarine Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.1 Global Margarine Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Margarine Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Special Type Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.2.1 Global Special Type Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global Special Type Price (2017-2022)
5.3 Universal Type Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.3.1 Global Universal Type Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global Universal Type Price (2017-2022)
6 Global Margarine Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Margarine Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Food Industry Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.3 Household Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
7 Global Margarine Forecast
7.1 Global Margarine Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
7.2 Margarine Market Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
7.2.1 North America Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Other Regions Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Margarine Market Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Margarine Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Margarine Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.4 Margarine Market Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Margarine Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Margarine Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis
9 Margarine Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Margarine Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture Margarine
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Margarine
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Margarine Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Margarine by Big Type in 2021
Figure Special Type Picture (2017-2022)
Global Margarine Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Margarine Market Size by Application
Figure Global Margarine Market Share by Big Application in 2021
Figure Food Industry Picture
Figure Household Picture
Table Global Margarine Comparison by Regions (M USD) (2017-2027)
Figure Global Margarine Market Size (Million US$) (2017-2027)
Figure North America Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Margarine Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Margarine Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Margarine Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Margarine Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Margarine Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure Top 10 Margarine Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Margarine Market
Table Key Manufacturers Margarine Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table Unilever Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Unilever
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2017-2022
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table Bunge Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Bunge
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Bunge Recent Development
Table NMGK Group Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of NMGK Group
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table NMGK Group Main Business
Table NMGK Group Recent Development
Table ConAgra Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of ConAgra
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table ConAgra Main Business
Table ConAgra Recent Development
Table ConAgra Main Business
Table ConAgra Recent Development
Table Zydus Cadila Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Zydus Cadila
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Zydus Cadila Main Business
Table Zydus Cadila Recent Development
Table Wilmar-International Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Wilmar-International
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Wilmar-International Main Business
Table Wilmar-International Recent Development
Table Fuji Oil Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Fuji Oil
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Fuji Oil Main Business
Table Fuji Oil Recent Development
Table BRF Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of BRF
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table BRF Main Business
Table BRF Recent Development
Table Yildiz Holding Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Yildiz Holding
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Yildiz Holding Main Business
Table Yildiz Holding Recent Development
Table Grupo Lala Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Grupo Lala
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Grupo Lala Main Business
Table Grupo Lala Recent Development
Table NamChow Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of NamChow
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table NamChow Main Business
Table NamChow Recent Development
Table Sunnyfoods Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Sunnyfoods
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Sunnyfoods Main Business
Table Sunnyfoods Recent Development
Table Cargill Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Cargill
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Cargill Main Business
Table Cargill Recent Development
Table COFCO Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of COFCO
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table COFCO Main Business
Table COFCO Recent Development
Table Mengniu Group Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Mengniu Group
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Mengniu Group Main Business
Table Mengniu Group Recent Development
Table Yili Group Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Yili Group
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Yili Group Main Business
Table Yili Group Recent Development
Table Brightdairy Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Brightdairy
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Brightdairy Main Business
Table Brightdairy Recent Development
Table Dairy Crest Company Profile
Table Margarine Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Dairy Crest
Table Margarine Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Dairy Crest Main Business
Table Dairy Crest Recent Development
Figure Global Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Margarine Sales by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Sales Market Share by Regions in 2021
Table Global Margarine Revenue by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021
Figure North America Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure China Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Other Regions Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Margarine Sales by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Margarine Sales Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Margarine Revenue by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Margarine Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Margarine Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Figure Global Special Type Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Special Type Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Universal Type Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Margarine Sales by Big Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Margarine Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global Food Industry Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Household Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Margarine Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Figure Global Margarine Revenue and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Table Global Margarine Sales Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Table Global Margarine Market Share Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sales Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Sales Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Sales Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Sales Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Other Regions Sales Margarine Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Global Margarine Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Margarine Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Margarine Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Margarine Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Margarine
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Margarine Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure North America Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Margarine Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Margarine Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Margarine Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Margarine Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List
Unilever
Bunge
NMGK Group
ConAgra
Zydus Cadila
Wilmar-International
Fuji Oil
BRF
Yildiz Holding
Grupo Lala
NamChow
Sunnyfoods
Cargill
COFCO
Uni-President
Mengniu Group
Yili Group