We aims to provide a complete knowledgeable report so that the readers will benefit from it. The report is properly examined and compiled by industry experts and will shed light on the key information that requires from the clients.
Case numbers are resurging in parts of the world where the COVID-19 pandemic was waning, falling in places that saw huge surges recently, and just beginning to rise in previously little-impacted parts of the globe.
Studying and analyzing the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Multivariate Compound Solar Panels industry, the report provide in-depth analysis and professtional advices on how to face the post COIVD-19 period.
Market Segment by Product Type
Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels
Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels
Copper Indium Selenium Solar Panels
Market Segment by Product Application
Space
Family
Traffic
Battery
Others
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.
Bosch Solar Energy
Dyesol
EniPower
Evergreen Solar
E-Ton Solar Tech
Flisom
GE Energy
Global Solar Energy
Hitachi Metals America
Matrix Solar Technologies
Insights and Tools:
Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation.
Product values and regional markets are estimated by market analyst, data analyst and people from related industry, based on companys' revenue and applications market respectively.
The data sources include but not limited to reports of companys,international organizations and governments, MMI market surveys,and related industry news.
Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2022 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2027
The market research includes historical and forecast data from like demand, application details, price trends, and company shares by geography, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions.
In addition, the report provides insight into main drivers,challenges,opportunities and risk of the market and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled as well with their market shares in the global market discussed.
Research Objectives
1.To study and analyze the global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels consumption (value) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2017 to 2021, and forecast to 2027.
2.To understand the structure of Multivariate Compound Solar Panels market by identifying its various subsegments.
3.Focuses on the key global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
4.To analyze the Multivariate Compound Solar Panels with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
5.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
6.To project the consumption of Multivariate Compound Solar Panels submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
7.To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
8.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Table of Contents
Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Segment by Type
2.1.1 Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels
2.1.2 Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels
2.1.3 Copper Indium Selenium Solar Panels
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 Space
2.2.2 Family
2.2.3 Traffic
2.2.4 Battery
2.2.5 Others
2.3 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Comparison by Regions (2017-2027)
2.3.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Size (2017-2027)
2.3.2 North America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.3 Europe Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.4 China Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.5 Japan Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Industry Impact
2.5.1 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
4 Analysis of Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 Bosch Solar Energy
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 Bosch Solar Energy Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 Bosch Solar Energy 139 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 Bosch Solar Energy News
4.2 Dyesol
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 Dyesol Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Dyesol Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 Bosch Solar Energy News
4.3 EniPower
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 EniPower Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 EniPower Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 EniPower News
4.4 Evergreen Solar
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 Evergreen Solar Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 Evergreen Solar Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 Evergreen Solar News
4.5 E-Ton Solar Tech
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 Evergreen Solar Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 E-Ton Solar Tech Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 E-Ton Solar Tech News
4.6 Flisom
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Flisom Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Flisom Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Flisom News
4.7 GE Energy
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 GE Energy Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 GE Energy Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 Global Solar Energy
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 Global Solar Energy Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 Global Solar Energy Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 Global Solar Energy News
4.9 Hitachi Metals America
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 Hitachi Metals America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 Hitachi Metals America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 Hitachi Metals America News
4.10 Matrix Solar Technologies
4.10.1 Compan Detail
4.10.2 Matrix Solar Technologies Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.10.3 Matrix Solar Technologies Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.10.4 Main Business Overview
4.10.5 Matrix Solar Technologies News
5 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.2.1 Global Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels Price (2017-2022)
5.3 Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.3.1 Global Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels Price (2017-2022)
5.4 Copper Indium Selenium Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.4.1 Global Copper Indium Selenium Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.4.2 Global Copper Indium Selenium Solar Panels Price (2017-2022)
6 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Space Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.3 Family Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.4 Traffic Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.5 Battery Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.6 Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
7 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Forecast
7.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
7.2 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
7.2.1 North America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Other Regions Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.4 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis
9 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture Multivariate Compound Solar Panels
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Multivariate Compound Solar Panels
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Multivariate Compound Solar Panels by Big Type in 2021
Figure Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels Picture (2017-2022)
Figure Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels Picture (2017-2022)
Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Size by Application
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Share by Big Application in 2021
Figure Space Picture
Figure Family Picture
Figure Traffic Picture
Figure Battery Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Comparison by Regions (M USD) (2017-2027)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Size (Million US$) (2017-2027)
Figure North America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure Top 10 Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market
Table Key Manufacturers Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table Bosch Solar Energy Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Bosch Solar Energy
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2017-2022
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table Dyesol Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Dyesol
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Dyesol Recent Development
Table EniPower Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of EniPower
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table EniPower Main Business
Table EniPower Recent Development
Table Evergreen Solar Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Evergreen Solar
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Evergreen Solar Main Business
Table Evergreen Solar Recent Development
Table Evergreen Solar Main Business
Table Evergreen Solar Recent Development
Table E-Ton Solar Tech Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of E-Ton Solar Tech
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table E-Ton Solar Tech Main Business
Table E-Ton Solar Tech Recent Development
Table Flisom Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Flisom
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Flisom Main Business
Table Flisom Recent Development
Table GE Energy Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of GE Energy
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table GE Energy Main Business
Table GE Energy Recent Development
Table Global Solar Energy Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Global Solar Energy
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Global Solar Energy Main Business
Table Global Solar Energy Recent Development
Table Hitachi Metals America Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Hitachi Metals America
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Hitachi Metals America Main Business
Table Hitachi Metals America Recent Development
Table Matrix Solar Technologies Company Profile
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Matrix Solar Technologies
Table Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Matrix Solar Technologies Main Business
Table Matrix Solar Technologies Recent Development
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Market Share by Regions in 2021
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021
Figure North America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure China Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Other Regions Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Figure Global Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Cadmium Sulphide Solar Panels Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gallium Arsenide Solar Panels Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Copper Indium Selenium Solar Panels Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales by Big Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global Space Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Family Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Traffic Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Battery Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Figure Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Share Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sales Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Sales Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Sales Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Sales Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Other Regions Sales Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Multivariate Compound Solar Panels
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure North America Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Multivariate Compound Solar Panels Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List
Bosch Solar Energy
Dyesol
EniPower
Evergreen Solar
E-Ton Solar Tech
Flisom
GE Energy
Global Solar Energy