Covid-19 has impacted the supply and demand status for many industries along the supply chain. In this report a comprehensive analysis of current global Sugar Flower market in terms of demand and supply environment is provided, as well as price trend currently and in the next few years. Global leading players are profiled with their revenue, market share, profit margin, major product portfolio and SWOT analysis. From industry perspective this report analyses supply chain, including process chart introduction, upstream key raw material and cost analysis, distributor and downstream buyer analysis. This report also includes global and regional market size and forecast, major product development trend and typical downstream segment scenario, under the context of market drivers and inhibitors analysis. According to this survey, the global Sugar Flower market is estimated to have reached $ xx million in 2020, and projected to grow at a CAGR of xx% to $ xx million in 2027.
Segmented by Category
Rose
Lavender Flower
Others
Segmented by End User/Segment
Commercial
Residential
Segmented by Country
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australasia
Central & South America
Brazil
Argentina
Colombia
Middle East & Africa
Iran
Israel
Turkey
South Africa
Saudi Arabia
Key manufacturers included in this survey
The Lucks Company
PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
Petra International
Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
Cake Ornament
Table of Contents
1 Product Introduction and Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Product Specification
1.3 Global Market Overview
1.3.1 Global Sugar Flower Market Status and Forecast (2016-2027)
1.3.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value CAGR by Region
1.4 Market Drivers, Inhibitors
1.4.1 Market Drivers
1.4.2 Market Inhibitors
1.4.3 COVID-19 Impact Analysis
2 Global Sugar Flower Supply by Company
2.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Company
2.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Company
2.3 Global Sugar Flower Price by Company
2.4 Sugar Flower Production Location and Sales Area of Main Manufacturers
2.5 Trend of Concentration Rate
3 Global and Regional Sugar Flower Market Status by Category
3.1 Sugar Flower Category Introduction
3.1.1 Rose
3.1.2 Lavender Flower
3.1.3 Others
3.2 Global Sugar Flower Market by Category
3.2.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021)
3.2.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Category (2016-2021)
3.2.3 Global Sugar Flower Price by Category (2016-2021)
3.3 North America: by Category
3.4 Europe: by Category
3.5 Asia Pacific: by Category
3.6 Central & South America: by Category
3.7 Middle East & Africa: by Category
4 Global and Regional Sugar Flower Market Status by End User/Segment
4.1 Sugar Flower Segment by End User/Segment
4.1.1 Commercial
4.1.2 Residential
4.2 Global Sugar Flower Market by End User/Segment
4.2.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
4.2.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
4.2.3 Global Sugar Flower Price by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
4.3 North America: by End User/Segment
4.4 Europe: by End User/Segment
4.5 Asia Pacific: by End User/Segment
4.6 Central & South America: by End User/Segment
4.7 Middle East & Africa: by End User/Segment
5 Global Sugar Flower Market Status by Region
5.1 Global Sugar Flower Market by Region
5.1.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Region
5.1.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Region
5.2 North America Sugar Flower Market Status
5.3 Europe Sugar Flower Market Status
5.4 Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Market Status
5.5 Central & South America Sugar Flower Market Status
5.6 Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Market Status
6 North America Sugar Flower Market Status
6.1 North America Sugar Flower Market by Country
6.1.1 North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
6.1.2 North America Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
6.2 United States
6.3 Canada
6.4 Mexico
7 Europe Sugar Flower Market Status
7.1 Europe Sugar Flower Market by Country
7.1.1 Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
7.1.2 Europe Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
7.2 Germany
7.3 France
7.4 UK
7.5 Italy
7.6 Russia
7.7 Spain
8 Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Market Status
8.1 Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Market by Country
8.1.1 Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
8.1.2 Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
8.2 China
8.3 Japan
8.4 Korea
8.5 Southeast Asia
8.6 India
8.7 Australasia
9 Central & South America Sugar Flower Market Status
9.1 Central & South America Sugar Flower Market by Country
9.1.1 Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
9.1.2 Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
9.2 Brazil
9.3 Argentina
9.4 Colombia
10 Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Market Status
10.1 Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Market by Country
10.1.1 Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
10.1.2 Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
10.2 Iran
10.3 Israel
10.4 Turkey
10.5 South Africa
10.8 Saudi Arabia
11 Supply Chain and Manufacturing Cost Analysis
11.1 Supply Chain Analysis
11.2 Production Process Chart Analysis
11.3 Raw Materials and Key Suppliers Analysis
11.3.1 Raw Materials Introduction
11.3.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers List
11.4 Sugar Flower Manufacturing Cost Analysis
11.5 Sugar Flower Sales Channel and Distributors Analysis
11.5.1 Sugar Flower Sales Channel
11.5.2 Sugar Flower Distributors
11.6 Sugar Flower Downstream Major Buyers
12 Global Sugar Flower Market Forecast by Category and by End User/Segment
12.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume and Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
12.2 Global Sugar Flower Forecast by Category
12.2.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast by Category
12.2.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast by Category
12.2.3 Global Sugar Flower Price Forecast by Category
12.3 Global Sugar Flower Forecast by End User/Segment
12.3.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast by End User/Segment
12.3.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast by End User/Segment
12.3.3 Global Sugar Flower Price Forecast by End User/Segment
13 Global Sugar Flower Market Forecast by Region/Country
13.1 Global Sugar Flower Market Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
13.2 North America Market Forecast
13.3 Europe Market Forecast
13.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecast
13.5 Central & South America Market Forecast
13.6 Middle East & Africa Market Forecast
14 Key Participants Company Information
14.1 The Lucks Company
14.1.1 Company Information
14.1.2 Sugar Flower Product Introduction
14.1.3 The Lucks Company
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
14.1.4 SWOT Analysis
14.2 PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
14.2.1 Company Information
14.2.2 Sugar Flower Product Introduction
14.2.3 PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
14.2.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3 Petra International
14.3.1 Company Information
14.3.2 Sugar Flower Product Introduction
14.3.3 Petra International
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
14.3.4 SWOT Analysis
14.4 Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
14.4.1 Company Information
14.4.2 Sugar Flower Product Introduction
14.4.3 Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
14.4.4 SWOT Analysis
14.5 Cake Ornament
14.5.1 Company Information
14.5.2 Sugar Flower Product Introduction
14.5.3 Cake Ornament
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
14.5.4 SWOT Analysis
15 Conclusion
16 Methodology
List of Tables
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value and CAGR by Region (2016-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Company (2019-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Company (2019-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value and CAGR by Region (2016-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Price by Company (2019-2021)
Table Main Manufacturers Sugar Flower Product Location and Sales Area
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Company (2019-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Category (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sals Value Market Share by Category (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Price by Category (2016-2021)
Table North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Category (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Market Share by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Price by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Region (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Region (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
Table North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Value by Region/Country (2016-2021)
Table North America Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
Table Europe Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
Table Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
Table Central & South America Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Value by Country (2016-2021)
Table Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table Sugar Flower Raw Materials Key Suppliers List
Table Sugar Flower Distributors List
Table Sugar Flower Buyers List
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast by Category (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Category (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Forecast by Category (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Market Share Forecast by Category (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Price Forecast by Category (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast by End User/Segment (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Forecast by Category (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Forecast by End User/Segment (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Market Share Forecast by End User/Segment (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Price Forecast by End User/Segment (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Forecast by End User/Segment (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table The Lucks Company
Company Information
Table The Lucks Company
Product Introduction
Table Global Sugar Flower Value Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
Company Information
Table PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
Product Introduction
Table PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table Petra International
Company Information
Table Petra International
Product Introduction
Table Petra International
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
Company Information
Table Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
Product Introduction
Table Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table Cake Ornament
Company Information
Table Cake Ornament
Product Introduction
Table Cake Ornament
Sugar Flower Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
List of Figures
Figure Sugar Flower Picture
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value CAGR (2020-2027) by Region
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Company, 2020
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share by Company, 2020
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure Product Picture of Rose
Figure Product Picture of Lavender Flower
Figure Product Picture of Others
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Sugar Flower in Commercial
Figure Global Sugar Flower Market: Commercial
(2016-2021)
Figure Sugar Flower in Residential
Figure Global Sugar Flower Market: Residential (2016-2021)
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure China Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Japan Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure United States Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Asia Other Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Canada Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Canada Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Mexico Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Mexico Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Germany Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure France Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure France Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure UK Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure UK Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure China Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure China Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Japan Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Japan Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Korea Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Korea Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure India Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure India Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Australasia Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Australasia Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Brazil Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Brazil Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Argentina Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Argentina Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Colombia Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Colombia Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Iran Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Iran Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure South Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure South Africa Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Israel Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Israel Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Turkey Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Turkey Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Saudi Arabia Sugar Flower Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Saudi Arabia Sugar Flower Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Sugar Flower Supply Chain Analysis
Figure Sugar Flower Production Process Chart Analysis
Figure Sugar Flower Manufacturing Cost Analysis
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Sugar Flower Sales Value Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Asia Pacific Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Central & South America Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Sugar Flower Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Asia Other Sugar Flower Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure The Lucks Company
Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure The Lucks Company
Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure PHILIPPINE GUM PASTE
Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Petra International
Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Petra International
Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Golden Crown Petals&Herbs
Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Cake Ornament
Sugar Flower Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Cake Ornament
Sugar Flower Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)