VPI (Vacuum Pressure Impregnated) transformers are vacuum pressure impregnated with a high temperature polyester varnish.
We aims to provide a complete knowledgeable report so that the readers will benefit from it. The report is properly examined and compiled by industry experts and will shed light on the key information that requires from the clients.
Case numbers are resurging in parts of the world where the COVID-19 pandemic was waning, falling in places that saw huge surges recently, and just beginning to rise in previously little-impacted parts of the globe.
Studying and analyzing the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer industry, the report provide in-depth analysis and professtional advices on how to face the post COIVD-19 period.
Market Segment by Product Type
Three-Phase
Single-Phase
Others
Market Segment by Product Application
Industrial
Commercial
Others
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.
GE
Eaton Corporation
ABB
Siemens AG
Hammond Power Solutions
Crompton Greaves Ltd
Voltamp Transformers
Schneider Electric
Tbea Transformer Industrial Group
Insights and Tools:
Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation.
Product values and regional markets are estimated by market analyst, data analyst and people from related industry, based on companys' revenue and applications market respectively.
The data sources include but not limited to reports of companys,international organizations and governments, MMI market surveys,and related industry news.
Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2022 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2027
The market research includes historical and forecast data from like demand, application details, price trends, and company shares by geography, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions.
In addition, the report provides insight into main drivers,challenges,opportunities and risk of the market and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled as well with their market shares in the global market discussed.
Research Objectives
1.To study and analyze the global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer consumption (value) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2017 to 2021, and forecast to 2027.
2.To understand the structure of Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer market by identifying its various subsegments.
3.Focuses on the key global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
4.To analyze the Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
5.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
6.To project the consumption of Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
7.To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
8.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Table of Contents
Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Research Report 2022, Forecast to 2027
1 Market Study Overview
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Introduce
1.3 Combined with the Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Brief Description of Research methods
1.5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2 Global Trend Summary
2.1 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Segment by Type
2.1.1 Three-Phase
2.1.2 Single-Phase
2.1.3 Others
2.2 Market Analysis by Application
2.2.1 Industrial
2.2.2 Commercial
2.2.3 Others
2.3 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Comparison by Regions (2017-2027)
2.3.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Size (2017-2027)
2.3.2 North America Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.3 Europe Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.4 China Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.5 Japan Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.3.6 Southeast Asia Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
2.4 Basic Product Information
2.4.1 Basic Product Information & Technology Development History
2.4.2 Product Manufacturing Process
2.4.3 Interview with Major Market Participants
2.4.4 High-end Market Analysis and Forecast
2.5 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Industry Impact
2.5.1 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
2.5.2 Market Trends and Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
2.5.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
3 Competition by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4 Top 5 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Manufacturer Market Share
3.5 Top 10 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Manufacturer Market Share
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Key Manufacturers
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
4 Analysis of Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Industry Key Manufacturers
4.1 GE
4.1.1 Compan Detail
4.1.2 GE Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.1.3 GE 130 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Main Business Overview
4.1.5 GE News
4.2 Eaton Corporation
4.2.1 Compan Detail
4.2.2 Eaton Corporation Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Eaton Corporation Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.2.4 Main Business Overview
4.2.5 GE News
4.3 ABB
4.3.1 Compan Detail
4.3.2 ABB Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.3.3 ABB Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.3.4 Main Business Overview
4.3.5 ABB News
4.4 Siemens AG
4.4.1 Compan Detail
4.4.2 Siemens AG Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.4.3 Siemens AG Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.4.4 Main Business Overview
4.4.5 Siemens AG News
4.5 Hammond Power Solutions
4.5.1 Compan Detail
4.5.2 Siemens AG Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.5.3 Hammond Power Solutions Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.5.4 Main Business Overview
4.5.5 Hammond Power Solutions News
4.6 Crompton Greaves Ltd
4.6.1 Compan Detail
4.6.2 Crompton Greaves Ltd Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Crompton Greaves Ltd Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.6.4 Main Business Overview
4.6.5 Crompton Greaves Ltd News
4.7 Voltamp Transformers
4.7.1 Compan Detail
4.7.2 Voltamp Transformers Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.7.3 Voltamp Transformers Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.7.4 Main Business Overview
4.8 Schneider Electric
4.8.1 Compan Detail
4.8.2 Schneider Electric Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.8.3 Schneider Electric Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.8.4 Main Business Overview
4.8.5 Schneider Electric News
4.9 Tbea Transformer Industrial Group
4.9.1 Compan Detail
4.9.2 Tbea Transformer Industrial Group Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification
4.9.3 Tbea Transformer Industrial Group Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2017-2022)
4.9.4 Main Business Overview
4.9.5 Tbea Transformer Industrial Group News
5 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Segment by Big Type
5.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue and Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Three-Phase Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.2.1 Global Three-Phase Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global Three-Phase Price (2017-2022)
5.3 Single-Phase Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.3.1 Global Single-Phase Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global Single-Phase Price (2017-2022)
5.4 Others Sales Growth Rate and Price
5.4.1 Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
5.4.2 Global Others Price (2017-2022)
6 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Segment by Big Application
6.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Industrial Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.3 Commercial Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
6.4 Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
7 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Forecast
7.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
7.2 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
7.2.1 North America Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 Southeast Asia Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Other Regions Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.4 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
8 Market Analysis
8.1.1 Market Overview
8.1.2 Market Opportunities
8.1.3 Market Risk
8.1.4 Market Driving Force
8.1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
8.1.6 SWOT Analysis
9 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Related Market Analysis
9.1 Upstream Analysis
9.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
9.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
9.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
9.1.4 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9.2 Downstream Market Analysis
9.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
9.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
9.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
9.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Part of Our External Database
Figure Key Executives Interviewed
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Size by Big Type
Figure Global Market Share of Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer by Big Type in 2021
Figure Three-Phase Picture (2017-2022)
Figure Single-Phase Picture (2017-2022)
Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Size by Big Application
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Size by Application
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Share by Big Application in 2021
Figure Industrial Picture
Figure Commercial Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Comparison by Regions (M USD) (2017-2027)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Size (Million US$) (2017-2027)
Figure North America Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Table Business Impact Assessment - Covid-19
Table Market Trends and Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Table Measures / Proposal against Covid-19
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Figure Top 5 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure Top 10 Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market
Table Key Manufacturers Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
Table GE Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of GE
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company One 2017-2022
Table Company One Main Business
Table Company One Recent Development
Table Eaton Corporation Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Eaton Corporation
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Eaton Corporation Recent Development
Table ABB Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of ABB
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table ABB Main Business
Table ABB Recent Development
Table Siemens AG Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Siemens AG
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Siemens AG Main Business
Table Siemens AG Recent Development
Table Siemens AG Main Business
Table Siemens AG Recent Development
Table Hammond Power Solutions Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Hammond Power Solutions
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Hammond Power Solutions Main Business
Table Hammond Power Solutions Recent Development
Table Crompton Greaves Ltd Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Crompton Greaves Ltd
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Crompton Greaves Ltd Main Business
Table Crompton Greaves Ltd Recent Development
Table Voltamp Transformers Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Voltamp Transformers
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Voltamp Transformers Main Business
Table Voltamp Transformers Recent Development
Table Schneider Electric Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Schneider Electric
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Schneider Electric Main Business
Table Schneider Electric Recent Development
Table Tbea Transformer Industrial Group Company Profile
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Product Introduction, Application and Specification of Tbea Transformer Industrial Group
Table Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Company Two 2017-2022
Table Tbea Transformer Industrial Group Main Business
Table Tbea Transformer Industrial Group Recent Development
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Market Share by Regions in 2021
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021
Figure North America Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure China Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Other Regions Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue Market Share by Big Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue Market Share by Big Type in 2019
Figure Global Three-Phase Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Three-Phase Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Single-Phase Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Single-Phase Price (2017-2022)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales by Big Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Market Share by Big Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Market Share by Big Application in 2019
Figure Global Industrial Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Commercial Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Others Sales Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Figure Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue and Growth Rate (2022-2027)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Share Forecast by Regions (2022-2027)
Figure North America Sales Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Sales Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Sales Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Sales Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Sales Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Other Regions Sales Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Market Opportunities in Next Few Years
Table Market Risks Analysis
Table Market Drivers
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
Table Key Players in Upstream Markets
Table Key Players of Upstream Markets
Table Key Raw Materials
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer
Table Macro Analysis of Down Markets
Table Key Players in Down Markets
Table Key Players of Downstream Markets
Figure Sales Channel
Figure North America Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure North America Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Europe Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Japan Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure China Vacuum Pressure Impregnated Transformer Revenue (Million US$) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2025)
Figure Methodology/Research Approach
Figure Market Size Estimation
Figure Author List
GE
Eaton Corporation
ABB
Siemens AG
Hammond Power Solutions
Crompton Greaves Ltd
Voltamp Transformers