This report contains market size and forecasts of Instructional Design Authoring Tools in Global, including the following market information:
Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2021 (%)
The global Instructional Design Authoring Tools market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.
Cloud-based Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Instructional Design Authoring Tools include SAP SE, Articulate Global, iSpring Solutions, Easygenerator, Lectora (a company of Trivantis), Adobe, Elucidat, eloomi and dominKnow, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
Publisher has surveyed the Instructional Design Authoring Tools companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)
Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)
Cloud-based
On-premises
Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)
Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)
Corporate
Education
Others
Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions)
Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Instructional Design Authoring Tools revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Instructional Design Authoring Tools revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
SAP SE
Articulate Global
iSpring Solutions
Easygenerator
Lectora (a company of Trivantis)
Adobe
Elucidat
eloomi
dominKnow
Gomo Learning
Top Hat
isEazy Author
Gnowbe
Magic EdTech
Table of Contents
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Instructional Design Authoring Tools Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Instructional Design Authoring Tools Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.5 Global Companies Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Instructional Design Authoring Tools Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Instructional Design Authoring Tools Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Instructional Design Authoring Tools Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 by Type - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Cloud-based
4.1.3 On-premises
4.2 By Type - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Corporate
5.1.3 Education
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2028
6.3.2 US Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.3.3 Canada Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.3.4 Mexico Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 Germany Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.3 France Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 U.K. Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Italy Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.6 Russia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.8 Benelux Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 China Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Japan Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 South Korea Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 India Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 Brazil Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.3 Argentina Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 Turkey Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Israel Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.5 UAE Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Players Profiles
7.1 SAP SE
7.1.1 SAP SE Corporate Summary
7.1.2 SAP SE Business Overview
7.1.3 SAP SE Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 SAP SE Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.1.5 SAP SE Key News
7.2 Articulate Global
7.2.1 Articulate Global Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Articulate Global Business Overview
7.2.3 Articulate Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Articulate Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Articulate Global Key News
7.3 iSpring Solutions
7.3.1 iSpring Solutions Corporate Summary
7.3.2 iSpring Solutions Business Overview
7.3.3 iSpring Solutions Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 iSpring Solutions Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.3.5 iSpring Solutions Key News
7.4 Easygenerator
7.4.1 Easygenerator Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Easygenerator Business Overview
7.4.3 Easygenerator Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Easygenerator Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Easygenerator Key News
7.5 Lectora (a company of Trivantis)
7.5.1 Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Business Overview
7.5.3 Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Key News
7.6 Adobe
7.6.1 Adobe Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Adobe Business Overview
7.6.3 Adobe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Adobe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.6.5 Adobe Key News
7.7 Elucidat
7.7.1 Elucidat Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Elucidat Business Overview
7.7.3 Elucidat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Elucidat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Elucidat Key News
7.8 eloomi
7.8.1 eloomi Corporate Summary
7.8.2 eloomi Business Overview
7.8.3 eloomi Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 eloomi Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.8.5 eloomi Key News
7.9 dominKnow
7.9.1 dominKnow Corporate Summary
7.9.2 dominKnow Business Overview
7.9.3 dominKnow Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 dominKnow Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.9.5 dominKnow Key News
7.10 Gomo Learning
7.10.1 Gomo Learning Corporate Summary
7.10.2 Gomo Learning Business Overview
7.10.3 Gomo Learning Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Gomo Learning Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.10.5 Gomo Learning Key News
7.11 Top Hat
7.11.1 Top Hat Corporate Summary
7.11.2 Top Hat Business Overview
7.11.3 Top Hat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Top Hat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.11.5 Top Hat Key News
7.12 isEazy Author
7.12.1 isEazy Author Corporate Summary
7.12.2 isEazy Author Business Overview
7.12.3 isEazy Author Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 isEazy Author Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.12.5 isEazy Author Key News
7.13 Gnowbe
7.13.1 Gnowbe Corporate Summary
7.13.2 Gnowbe Business Overview
7.13.3 Gnowbe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Gnowbe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.13.5 Gnowbe Key News
7.14 Magic EdTech
7.14.1 Magic EdTech Corporate Summary
7.14.2 Magic EdTech Business Overview
7.14.3 Magic EdTech Instructional Design Authoring Tools Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Magic EdTech Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.14.5 Magic EdTech Key News
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Instructional Design Authoring Tools in Global Market
Table 5. Top Instructional Design Authoring Tools Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 6. Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 7. Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 8. Global Companies Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Instructional Design Authoring Tools Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Instructional Design Authoring Tools Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Application - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 15. By Application - Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 16. By Application - Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 17. By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 18. By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 19. By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 20. By Country - North America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 21. By Country - North America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 22. By Country - Europe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Country - Europe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Asia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Asia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - South America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - South America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 30. SAP SE Corporate Summary
Table 31. SAP SE Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 32. SAP SE Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 33. Articulate Global Corporate Summary
Table 34. Articulate Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 35. Articulate Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 36. iSpring Solutions Corporate Summary
Table 37. iSpring Solutions Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 38. iSpring Solutions Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 39. Easygenerator Corporate Summary
Table 40. Easygenerator Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 41. Easygenerator Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 42. Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Corporate Summary
Table 43. Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 44. Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 45. Adobe Corporate Summary
Table 46. Adobe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 47. Adobe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 48. Elucidat Corporate Summary
Table 49. Elucidat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 50. Elucidat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 51. eloomi Corporate Summary
Table 52. eloomi Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 53. eloomi Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 54. dominKnow Corporate Summary
Table 55. dominKnow Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 56. dominKnow Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 57. Gomo Learning Corporate Summary
Table 58. Gomo Learning Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 59. Gomo Learning Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 60. Top Hat Corporate Summary
Table 61. Top Hat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 62. Top Hat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 63. isEazy Author Corporate Summary
Table 64. isEazy Author Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 65. isEazy Author Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 66. Gnowbe Corporate Summary
Table 67. Gnowbe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 68. Gnowbe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 69. Magic EdTech Corporate Summary
Table 70. Magic EdTech Instructional Design Authoring Tools Product Offerings
Table 71. Magic EdTech Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Instructional Design Authoring Tools Segment by Type in 2021
Figure 2. Instructional Design Authoring Tools Segment by Application in 2021
Figure 3. Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue in 2021
Figure 8. By Type - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 9. By Application - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Region - Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Country - North America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 12. US Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 13. Canada Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 14. Mexico Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Country - Europe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. Germany Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 17. France Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 18. U.K. Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 19. Italy Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Russia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Nordic Countries Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. Benelux Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Region - Asia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. China Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. Japan Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. South Korea Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Southeast Asia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. India Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. By Country - South America Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 30. Brazil Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. Argentina Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Country - Middle East & Africa Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. Turkey Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Israel Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. Saudi Arabia Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. UAE Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. SAP SE Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 38. Articulate Global Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 39. iSpring Solutions Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 40. Easygenerator Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 41. Lectora (a company of Trivantis) Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 42. Adobe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 43. Elucidat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 44. eloomi Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 45. dominKnow Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 46. Gomo Learning Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 47. Top Hat Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 48. isEazy Author Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 49. Gnowbe Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 50. Magic EdTech Instructional Design Authoring Tools Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)